References used and links to similar websites


References for Volcanism page


Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions. P.B. Wignall Earth-Science Reviews. 1177. (2000)


The Permo-Triassic extinction. Douglas H. Erwin Nature vol. 367. (Jan.1994)

Rapid eruption of the Siberian Traps flood basalts at the Permo-Triassic boundary. Renne, P.R., Basu, A.R., Science vol. 253, pp 975-979


Traps of the Siberian platform. Zolotukhin, V.V., Al'Mukhamedov, A.I., In. Macdougall, J.D. (Ed.), Continental Flood Basalts. pp 273-310. (1998)



References for Cosmic Impacts

Search for evidence of impact at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica and Australia. Retallack g. et al. Geology vol. 26, no. 1, pp 979-982 (1998)


Carbon isotope and iridium event markers near the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Zhejiang Province. China. Xu, D-Y and Yan,Z.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol. 104, pp 171-176, (1998)


The Permian-Triassic boundary event: The global stratotype section and point(GSSP). Yang et al.Episodes vol.18 pp 49-53


The Permian-Triassic of the Carnic Alps, Austria. Holser et al. Abhandlungen Geologische Bundesanatalt Autriche, Vienna, vol. 45, pp 213-232. (1991)

References for climate change, glaciation and Pangea pages

Extinction. Stanley, S M (1987)

Mass Extinction. Donovan, S K(1989)

Comparative Earth History and Late Permian Mass Extinction. Knoll, A H. Bambach, R K. Canfield, D E. and Grotzinger, J P.Science, vol. 273, pp452 - 457, (1996)

Mass Extinctions and sea-level changes. Hallem,A and Bignall, P B. Earth Science Reviews, vol. 48, pp217 - 250, (1999)

Climate of a supercontinent. Parish, J T. Journal of Geology, vol. 101, pp215 - 233, (1993)

Palaeoclimate, tectonics and sedimentation; creation, zenith and break up of a supercontinent. Crowley, T J.Geol. Soc. Am. Special paper 288.

Gall, J.C-L. et al. Sciences de la terre et des planetes/Earth and planetary Sciences, vol.326, pp 1 - 12, (1998).

Collins dictionary of Geology.

http://deschutes.gso.uri.edu/~rutherfo/milankovitch.html

References for Palaeontological page

The Permo-Triassic extinction. Douglas H. Erwin Nature vol. 367. (Jan.1994)

Timing of mammal-like reptile extinctions across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South Africa. MacLeod, K G. Smith, R M H. Koch, P L. Ward, P D. Geology, v.28; no.3; p227-230, (March 2000).

Patterns of evolution and extinction in vertebrates. Benton,M J. p218-241 in Evolution and the fossil record. Allen, K C. Briggs, D E G. Belhaven Press, 1989.

Basic Palaeontology. Benton, M. Harper, D. Longman, 1997.

Understanding biotic recoveries: Extinction, survival, and preservation during the end-Permian mass extinction. Erwin, D H. p398-418 in Evolutionary Palaeobiology. Jablonski, D. Erwin, D H. Lipps, J H. University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Extinction rates. Lawton, J H. May, R M. Oxford University Press, 1995.

Extinction. Stanley, S M (1987)

Mass Extinction. Donovan, S K(1989)

Collins dictionary of Geology.


Links to similar websites

Canada musuem website.
UCDavis University.
Lots of information on meteorites and mass extinctions in general.
The BBC web site.


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