| The Kotel'nich fossils | ||||||
Tetrapod faunaThe fossil amphibians and reptiles from the main Kotel'nich section are well known, including the plant-eating pareiasaur Deltavjatia (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937; V'yushkov, 1953; Ivakhnenko, 1987; Lee, 2000; Kordikova and Khlyupin, 2001) the galeopid anomodont Suminia (Ivakhnenko, 1994; Rybczinski, 2000; Fröbisch and Reisz, 2009), and the gorgonopsian Viatkogorgon (Tatarinov, 2004a), as well as the small insect-eating parareptile Emeroleter (Ivakhnenko, 1997), and small carnivorous theriodonts (Tatarinov, 1968, 1995a, b, 1997, 1999a, b, 2000, 2004a, b).
The dicynodont Australobarbarus (Kurkin, 2000) and two pareiasaurs found in 2009, possibly also Deltavjatia, come from the separate Port Kotel'nich locality, located 10 km to the north, on the river bank at Kotel'nich town. Further, the fish-eating chroniosuchian Chroniosaurus (Golubev, 1998, 2000), the basal biarmosuchian Proburnetia (Tatarinov, 1968), and the pareiasaur Proelginia permiana (= Scutosaurus karpinskii) are known from the younger Sokol'ya Gora locality. The fauna has always been recognised as stratigraphically significant. Ivakhnenko (1987, 1992) established the 'Kotel'nich Subcomplex' (Kotel'nichskii Subkompleks) as the lowest of three faunal assemblages within the Sokolki Complex that spanned the Severodvinian and lower Vyatkian gorizonts, as part of the traditional tetrapod-based division of the Russian Permo-Triassic red beds (Efremov, 1939, 1941; Lucas, 2004, 2006).
Flora and non-tetrapod faunaThe Kotel'nich red beds have produced plant fossils in addition to the famous tetrapods. V'yushkov (1953) and Ignat'ev (1963) mentioned the occurrence of plants, and Goman'kov (1997) provided a detailed study, reporting a detrital macroplant assemblage from the Chizhi Member channels referable to the Tatarina flora, with the conifers Phylladoderma and Geinitzia, the peltaspermalian pteridosperms (seed ferns) Tatarina, Pursongia, and Permotheca, and the horsetails Paracalamites and Phyllotheca, as well as miospores of the same plants that may be used in biostratigraphy.These same organic-rich sandstone units of the Chizhi Member have produced further fossils, including ostracod tests, fish scales, and isolated tetrapod bones (Tverdokhlebov and Shminke, 1990; Goman'kov, 1997) from the bottom of these detrital channel units.
The bestiaryThese amazing drawings of the Kotel'nich tetrapods are by Al'bert Khlyupin, and they are presented at the website of the Vyatka Palaeontological Museum.
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