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Data on basal tetrapod/ amphibian trees

List of cladograms tested for their correspondence with stratigraphic data. Cladograms are listed alphabetically. For each group, data are listed in order, as follows:

Group name
Tree size (number of terminals)
SRL, Standard range length, the total time represented by known fossil ranges
MIG, Minimum implied gap or 'ghost range'
Gmin, the minimum possible ghost range when cladogram branches are rearranged
Gmax, the maximum possible ghost range when cladogram branches are rearranged
RCI, the Relative completeness index (Benton, 1994)
RCI and GER Sig., significance of the RCI and GER measures
No. consistent nodes, the number of stratigraphically consistent nodes
SCI, the Stratigraphic consistency index (Huelsenbeck, 1994)
SCI Sig., significance of the SCI measure
GER, the Gap excess ratio (Wills, 1999)
Range, the broad stratigraphic range of the cladogram
Reference, the source of the cladogram assessed

Group	No. terminals	SRL	MIG	Gmin	Gmax	RCI	RCI & GER Sig	Consistent nodes	SCI	SCI Sig.	GER	Range of O	Reference
Tetrapoda(1)	6	925	145	123	285	84.324324	15.5	4	1	6.25	0.8642	Dev-Carb	Gaffney (1979, fig. 2)
Tetrapoda(2)	5	911	74	57	128	91.877058	19	2	0.666667	27.75	0.76056	Dev-Carb	Gardiner (1983, fig. 14)
Tetrapoda(3)	6	904	102	78	255	88.716814	4	2	0.5	25	0.86441	Dev-Carb	Gauthier et al. (1988b, fig. 14)
Tetrapoda(4)	15	1251	190	83	607	84.81215	0.5	7	0.538462	0.5	0.795802	Dev-Carb	Lombard & Bolt (1995, fig. 10)
Amphibia(1)	9	1336	328	204	664	75.449102	0.25	3	0.428571	31	0.73044	Dev-Jur	Gardiner (1982, fig. 5)
Amphibia(2)	10	819	284	169	658	65.323565	0.75	3	0.375	21.25	0.76483	Carb-Jur	Milner (1988, figs. 3.2, 3.3)
Amphibia(3)	11	1128	179	78	367	84.131206	5.75	6	0.666667	8	0.65052	Carb-Perm	Panchen & Smithson (1988, fig. 1.1(a))
Amphibia(4)	6	687	197	147	370	71.3246	3.5	2	0.5	23.75	0.77578	Carb-Jur	Bolt (1991, fig. 6)
Amphibia(5)	6	687	263	147	370	61.717613	26.5	1	0.25	100	0.47982	Carb-Jur	Bolt (1991, fig. 7)
Amphibia(6)	12	965	307	169	615	68.186528	26.5	5	0.5	17.25	0.69058	Carb-Jur	Trueb & Cloutier (1991, fig. 8)
Lepospondyli	5	321	71	27	71	77.88162	100	1	0.333333	89.5	0	Carb	Carroll & Chorn (1995, fig. 9)
Temnospondyli(1)	13	508	291	110	927	42.716535	0.25	3	0.272727	100	0.77846	Carb-Tri	Gardiner (1983, fig. 16)
Temnospondyli(2)	13	665	250	88	448	62.406015	12.5	6	0.545455	17.5	0.55	Carb-Tri	Trueb & Cloutier (1991, fig. 4)
Temnospondyli(3)	6	325	30	10	40	90.769231	71.5	2	0.5	83.5	0.333333	Perm-Tri	Warren & Black (1985, fig. 14)
Temnospondyli(4)	7	173	159	68	236	8.092486	23	2	0.4	33	0.458333	Carb-Perm	Foreman (1990, fig. 5)
Temnospondyli(5)	14	408	265	68	531	35.04902	1.5	7	0.583333	30.5	0.574514	Carb-Perm	Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11A)
Temnospondyli(5)	14	408	226	68	531	44.607843	0.5	7	0.583333	31.5	0.658747	Carb-Perm	Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11B)
Temnospondyli(5)	14	408	265	68	531	35.04902	0.5	7	0.583333	2	0.574514	Carb-Perm	Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11C)
Temnospondyli(5)	14	408	265	68	531	35.04902	0.5	7	0.583333	2	0.574514	Carb-Perm	Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11D)
Temnospondyli(6)	7	87	87	29	108	0	69	3	0.6	55	0.265823	Carb-Perm	Sequeira & Milner (1993, fig. 11)
Temnospondyli-Chigutisauridae	6	80	61	51	81	23.75	12.5	3	0.75	8	0.666667	Tri-Jur	Sengupta (1995, fig. 19)
Temno.-Dissorophoidea	10	674	365	239	809	45.845697	0.25	5	0.625	3.75	0.77895	Carb-Cret	Trueb & Cloutier (1991, fig. 9)
Temnos.-Trematopsidae(1)	4	39	29	29	74	25.641026	5	2	1	5	1	Carb-Perm	Dilkes (1990, fig. 14)
Temnos.-Trematopsidae(2)	5	94	50	42	121	46.808511	20	2	0.666667	20	0.898734	Carb-Perm	Sumida et al. (1998, fig. 11)
Pipoidea(1)	13	306	673	155	1218	-119.93464	22	5	0.454545	64.5	0.5127	Jur-Rec	Henrici (1998, fig. 6)
Pipoidea(2)	14	208	413	83	684	-98.557692	26	6	0.5	14.5	0.450915	Cret-Rec	Baez & Pugener (1998, fig. 10)
Pipoidea(3)	7	255	348	146	668	-36.470588	11.5	2	0.4	30	0.613027	Cret-Rec	Baez & Rage (1998, fig. 4)
Caudata-Batrachosauroididae	5	108	27	27	68	75	3.5	3	1	3.5	1	Cret-Eoc	Denton & O'Neill (1998, fig. 8)
Anthracosauria	5	534	84	60	165	84.269663	14.5	1	0.333333	53.25	0.77143	Carb	Gauthier et al. (1988b, fig.4.3)
Seymouriamorpha	7	101	85	45	100	15.841584	20	3	0.6	17.5	0.272727	Carb-Perm	Laurin (1996, fig. 6)

References for cited cladograms

Baez, A. M. and Pugener, L. A. 1998. A new Palaeogene pipid frog from northwestern Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 511-524.
Baez, A. M. and Rage, J.-C. 1998. Pipid frogs from Upper Cretaceous of In Beceten, Niger. Palaeontology, 41, 669-691.
Bolt, J.R. (1991) Lissamphibian origins. In Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods, edited by H.-P. Schultze and L. Trueb, pp. 194-222. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Carroll, R.L. and Chorn, J. (1995) Vertebral development in the oldest microsaur and the problem of 'lepospondyl' relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15, 37-56.
Denton, R. K., Jr. and O'Neill, R. C. 1998. Parrisia neocesariensis, a new batrachosauroidid salamander and other amphibians from the Campanian of eastern North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 484-494.
Dilkes, D. W. 1990. A new trematopsid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 10, 222-243.
Foreman, B, C. 1990. A revision of the cranial morphology of the Lower Permian temnospondyl amphibian Acroplous vorax Hotton. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 10, 390-397.
Gaffney, E.S. (1979) Tetrapod monophyly: a phylogenetic analysis. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 13, 92-105.
Gardiner, B. G. (1983) Gnathostome vertebrae and the classification of the Amphibia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79, 1-59.
Gauthier, J.A., Kluge, A.G., and Rowe, T. (1988b) The early evolution of the Amniota. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. Volume 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, edited by M.J. Benton. Systematics Association Special Volume, 35A, 103-156. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Henrici, A. C. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 321-332.
Holmes, R. B., Carroll, R. L., and Reisz, R. R. 1998. The first articulated skeleton of Dendrerpeton acadianum (Temnospondyli, Dendrerpetontidae) from the Lower Pennsylvanian locality of Joggins, Nova Scotia, and a review of its relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 64-79.
Laurin, M. 1996. A reappraisal of Utegenia, a Permo-Carboniferous seymouriamorph (Tetrapoda: Batrachosauria) from Kazakhstan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, 374-383.
Lombard, R. E. and Bolt, J. R. 1995. A new primitive tetrapod, Whatcheeria deltae, from the Lower Carboniferous of Iowa. Palaeontology, 38, 471-494.
Milner, A.R. (1988) The relationships and origin of living amphibians. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. Volume 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, edited by M.J. Benton. Systematics Association Special Volume, 35A, 59-102. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Panchen, A.L. Smithson, T.R. (1988) The relationships of the earliest tetrapods. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. Volume 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, edited by M.J. Benton. Systematics Association Special Volume, 35A, 1-32. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Sengupta, D. P. 1995. Chigutisaurid temnospondyls from the Late Triassic of India and a review of the Family Chigutisauridae. Palaeontology, 38, 313-339.
Sequeira, S. E. K. and Milner, A. R. 1993. The temnospondyl amphibian Capetus from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic. Palaeontology, 36, 657-680.
Sumida, S. S., Berman, D. S., and Martens, T. 1998. A new trematopid amphibian from the Lower Permian of central Germany. Palaeontology, 41, 605-629.
Trueb, L. and Cloutier, R. (1991) A phylogenetic investigation of the inter- and intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). In Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods, edited by H.-P. Schultze and L. Trueb, pp. 223-313. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Warren, A. A. and Black, T. 1985. A new rhytidosteid (Amphibia, Labyrinthodontia) from the Early Triassic Arcadia Formation of Queensland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 5, 303-327.